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Sarah Moore Grimké (1792–1873) and Angelina Emily Grimké〔United States. National Park Service. "Grimke Sisters." U.S. Department of the Interior, October 8, 2014. Accessed:October 14, 2014.〕 (1805–1879), known as the Grimké sisters, were 19th-century Southern American writers, orators, educators, and Quakers who were the first American women advocates of abolition and women's rights.〔Birney, Catherin H. ''The Grimké Sisters''. Kessinger Publishing, LLC (June 17, 2004)〕 Throughout their lives, they traveled to the North, lecturing about their firsthand experiences with slavery on their family's plantation. Among the first American women to act publicly in social reform movements, they were ridiculed for their abolitionist activity. They became early activists in the women's rights movement. ==Early life and education== Judge John Faucheraud Grimké, the father of the Grimké sisters, was a strong advocate of slavery and of the subordination of women. A wealthy planter who held hundreds of slaves, Grimké fathered 14 children with his wife, three of whom died in infancy.〔Pery (2002), p.24〕 He served as chief judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina. Sarah was the sixth〔Perry 2002), p.xi〕 child and Angelina was the thirteenth.〔 Sarah said that at age five, after she saw a slave being whipped, she tried to board a steamer to a place where there was no slavery. Later, in violation of the law, she taught her personal slave to read.〔Perry (2002), p.2〕 Sarah wanted to become a lawyer and follow in her father's footsteps. She studied the books in her father's library constantly, teaching herself geography, history and mathematics,〔Perry (2002), p.1〕 but her father would not allow her to learn Latin, or go to college with her brother Thomas, who was at Yale Law School. Still, her father appreciated her keen intelligence, and told her that if she had been a man, she would have been the greatest lawyer in South Carolina.〔Perry (2002), p.2 Lerner gives a somewhat different version, in which her father said "she would have made the greatest jurist in the country." Lerner (1998) p.25〕 After her studies were ended, Sarah begged her parents to allow her to become Angelina's godmother. She became part mother and part sister to her much younger sibling, and the two sisters had a close relationship all their lives. Angelina often called Sarah "Mother".〔 Sarah became an abolitionist in 1835. Although the sisters no longer spoke publicly, they remained privately active as both abolitionists and feminists. In 1839 the sisters edited ''American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses'', a collection of newspaper stories from southern papers written by southern newspaper editors. Angelina bore three children, in 1839, 1841, and 1844, following which she suffered uterine prolapse. Until 1854, Theodore was often away from home, either on the lecture circuit or in Washington. After that, financial pressures forced him to take up a more lucrative profession. For a time they lived on a farm and operated a boarding school. Many abolitionists, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, sent their children to the school. Eventually, it grew to become a cooperative, the Raritan Bay Union. Before the Civil War, the sisters discovered that their late brother Henry had had a relationship with Nancy Weston, an enslaved mixed-race woman, after he became a widower. They lived together and had three mixed-race sons: Archibald, Francis and John (who was born a couple of months after their father died). The sisters arranged for the oldest two nephews to come north for education and helped support them. Francis J. Grimké became a Presbyterian minister who graduated from Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) and Princeton Theological Seminary. In December 1878, Francis married Charlotte Forten, a noted educator and author, and had one daughter, Theodora Cornelia, who died as an infant. The daughter of Archibald, Angelina Weld Grimké, (named after her aunt) became a noted poet. When Sarah was nearly 80, to test the 15th Amendment, the sisters attempted to vote. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grimké sisters」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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